{"id":1988,"date":"2022-08-06T18:13:50","date_gmt":"2022-08-06T10:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rogen.us\/a-special-relationship-us-attitudes-to-british-art-are-changing\/"},"modified":"2022-08-06T18:13:50","modified_gmt":"2022-08-06T10:13:50","slug":"a-special-relationship-us-attitudes-to-british-art-are-changing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rogen.us\/en\/a-special-relationship-us-attitudes-to-british-art-are-changing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u95dc\u4fc2\u55ce\uff1f\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8b8a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><![CDATA[\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/content\/images\/kuart\/attitudes\/1.jpg\" width=\"100%\"><center>Mrs. James Gurthrie (detail; 1864\u201365), Frederic Leighton. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven<\/center> <br \/>\n\u7f8e\u570b\u535a\u7269\u9928\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u4f2f\u7235\u592b\u4eba\u548c\u85cd\u8272\u7537\u5b69\u5728\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u85dd\u8853\u535a\u7269\u9928\u548c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u9813\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u7ad9\u7a69\u4e86\u8173\u8ddf\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u90a3\u9ebc\u5149\u9bae\u7684\u540c\u80de\u5171\u5b58\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u7d04\u5341\u5e7e\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u6536\u85cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u500b\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u67e5\uff1a\u8036\u9b6f\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u5fc3\u65bc5\u6708\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u5176\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5361\u6069\uff08Louis Kahn\uff09\u5efa\u7bc9\u7d93\u904e\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7ffb\u65b0\uff0c\u5176\u6536\u85cf\u54c1\u4e5f\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u9047\u898b\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u756b\u5eca\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c07\u95dc\u9589\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e96\u5099\u9032\u884c\u5927\u578b\u7ffb\u65b0\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u65bc2018\u5e74\u958b\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bd4\u82f1\u570b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6350\u8d08\u8005\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5370\u5728\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u85cf\u54c1\u4e0a\u3002\u5f9e\u934d\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6536\u85cf\u5bb6\u5927\u91cf\u8cfc\u8cb7\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u548c\u5bb6\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9280\u5668\u548c\u74f7\u5668\u3002 Fricks\uff0cHuntingtons\uff0cVanderbilts\uff0cMellons\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u5bb6\u65cf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8af8\u5982Knoedler\uff06Co.\uff0cThomas Agnew\uff06Sons\uff0cM\u3002 Harris and Sons\uff0cFrench\uff06Company\u548cDuveens\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u7d93\u92b7\u5546\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u7262\u56fa\u7684\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u85cf\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u548c\u8cbb\u57ce\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u7684\u85cf\u54c1\u88ab\u7576\u5730\u6536\u85cf\u5bb6\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u6240\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u535a\u7269\u9928\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>1900\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u898b\u8b49\u4e861830\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u8207\u82f1\u570b\uff08\u6216\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u7684\u9109\u6751\u6216\u806f\u6392\u5225\u5885\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u5e73\u884c\u3002\u84cb\u6069\u65af\u4f2f\u52d2\uff08Gainsborough\uff09\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\uff08\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u85cd\u8272\u7537\u5b69\u300b\uff0c\u7d04\u65bc1770\u5e74\uff0c\u65bc1921\u5e74\u5275\u4e0b\u6b77\u53f2\u6700\u9ad8\u50f9728,800\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\uff0c\u7f85\u59c6\u5c3c\uff0c\u96f7\u672c\uff0c\u52de\u502b\u65af\u548c\u970d\u666e\u7d0d\uff08\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u66f4\u5927\uff09 \uff08\u6bd4\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u9ad8\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u773e\u7684\u54c0\u5606\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7522\u54c1\u662f\u5f9e\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u8cb4\u65cf\u6536\u85cf\u51fa\u552e\u7d66\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u53e4\u5df4\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>1680\u5e74\u81f31830\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u5bb6\u5177\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6839\u64da\u7d71\u6cbb\u6642\u671f\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ecPaul de Lamerie\u548cPaul Storr\u7684\u9280\u5668\uff09\u8d8a\u6d0b\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u79c1\u4eba\u6536\u85cf\u5bb6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\uff08John Harris\uff09\u6240\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u623f\u9593\u4e5f\u88ab\u904b\u9001\u5230\u79c1\u4eba\u4f4f\u5b85\uff0c\u4e26\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u7d44\u88dd\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u623f\u9593\uff1a1925\u5e74\uff0c\u534a\u6728\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u65e9\u671fTudor\u838a\u5712\u623f\u5c4bAgecroft Hall\u5f9e\u862d\u958b\u590f\u90e1\u904b\u62b5\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5dde\u7684\u91cc\u58eb\u6eff\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u7d44\u3002\u5118\u7ba118\u4e16\u7d00\u76f4\u81f31830\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u4e00\u76f4\u4f54\u64da\u8457\u5716\u7247\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u90fd\u9438\u738b\u671d\u548c\u96c5\u5404\u4f48\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u5c1a\u672a\u5f9e\u6a21\u7cca\u4e2d\u89e3\u6551\u51fa\u4f86\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5efa\u7bc9\u548c\u5bb6\u5177\u7684\u5473\u9053\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523016\u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u5c71\u6c34\u756b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fConstable\u548cTurner\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6536\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u5f0f\u57fa\u65bc\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u8cb4\u65cf\uff0c\u9109\u6751\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f9e16\u4e16\u7d00\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5be7\u975c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u662f\u865b\u69cb\u7684\uff09\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7e7c\u627f\u4eba\u8207\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u8cb4\u65cf\u901a\u5a5a\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u91d1\u9322\u63db\u53d6\u982d\u929c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u751f\u6d3b\u62b1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5247\u9f13\u821e\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7530\u5712\u8a69\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9858\u666f\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u6216\u624b\u5de5\u85dd\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u7e6a\u756b\u7121\u9650\u6d41\u884c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff08Met\uff09\u64c1\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u768419\u4e16\u7d00\u6cd5\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u6bd4\u65bc\u4e00\u9593\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u65bc\u82f1\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u623f\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6578\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u516c\u5bd3\u5c07\u6cd5\u570b\u5ba2\u5ef3\u4e26\u5217\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u82f1\u5f0f\u9910\u5ef3\u3002\u5728\u7dad\u62c9\u8afe\u74e6\uff08Villanova\uff09\u7684Ardrossan Estate\uff0c\u8cbb\u57ce\u4e3b\u7dda\u623f\u5c4b\u548c1912\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5016\u5b58\u7684\u5bb6\u5177\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u7f55\u898b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff08\u4e26\u8207\u6232\u5287\u548c\u96fb\u5f71\u300a\u8cbb\u57ce\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\uff09\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u5167\u90e8\u88dd\u4fee\u662f\u7531\u502b\u6566\u516c\u53f8\uff08 White\uff0cAllom\uff06Co.\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u623f\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u68d2\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff1a\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u6cd5\u6587\u548c\u82f1\u6587\u6536\u85cf\u54c1\u8a95\u751f\u65bc\u4e0a\u6771\u5340\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\u6a13\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/content\/images\/kuart\/attitudes\/2.jpg\" width=\"100%\"><center>The Long Gallery, following its recent reinstallation, at the Yale Center for British Art, New Haven. Photo: Richard Caspole.<\/center><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u9580\u91dd\u5c0d\u67d0\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u6536\u85cf\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9928\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u616e\u5230\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u8207\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u8001\u5f0f\u96de\u5c3e\u9152\u5f0f\u7684\u4f2f\u7235\u592b\u4eba\u548c\u9f4a\u672c\u5fb7\u723e\u5f0f\u5bb6\u5177\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u9010\u6f38\u6e1b\u5f31\u3002\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5728\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u548c\u8036\u9b6f\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ffb\u65b0\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u6536\u85cf\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6a5f\u69cb\u53d7\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u73fe\u6709\u6536\u85cf\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9762\u7a4d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u5ba4\u5c07\u9032\u884c\u5167\u90e8\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4fbf\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u62c6\u9664\u90fd\u9438\u738b\u671d\u7684\u623f\u9593\u5916\uff08\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u5c55\u5ef3\u5165\u53e3\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u9084\u662f\u6703\u5360\u5230\u6574\u500b\u5c55\u5ef3\u7e3d\u9762\u7a4d\u768430%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u8036\u9b6f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5750\u843d\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u5ead\u9662\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u623f\u9593\u7e3d\u662f\u6253\u7b97\u5728\u570b\u5167\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u7c73\u8272\u7684\u4e9e\u9ebb\u7246\uff0c\u6eab\u67d4\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5149\u7dda\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u592e\u7403\u5834\u7684\u666f\u8272\u71df\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be7\u975c\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u96e3\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u6216\u662f\u5974\u96b8\u8cbf\u6613\u6216\u793e\u6703\u52d5\u76ea\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6232\u5287\u6027\u5a1b\u6a02\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u535a\u7269\u9928\u90fd\u9084\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/content\/images\/kuart\/attitudes\/3.jpg\" width=\"100%\"><center>The newly reinstalled fourth floor galleries at the Yale Center of British Art juxtaposes busts and portraits from the same period. Photo: Richard Caspole<\/center><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>Britain in the world\u662f\u8036\u9b6f\u9019\u6b21\u65b0\u5c55\u89bd\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u7570\u5e38\u8c50\u5bcc\u548c\u65b0\u9bae\u7684\u4fdd\u7f85\u00b7\u6885\u9686\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u56ae\u5f80\u5e38\u4e00\u6a23\u986f\u773c\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6536\u8cfc\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96d5\u5851\uff0c\u5982\u6258\u99ac\u65af\u9280\u884c\u7684\u5b89\u6771\u5c3c\u963f\u767b\u9813\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\uff09\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ecd\u7136\u4f54\u64da\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u9802\u7aef\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u7e6a\u756b\u9818\u57df\uff09\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u623f\u9593\u88e1\u7684\u8afe\u4e01\u6f22\u96ea\u82b1\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u7e6a\u756b\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u96d5\u5851\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u667a\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u628a\u80f8\u50cf\u96d5\u5851\u8207\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u4e26\u7f6e\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u4e3b\u984c\u8868\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5cf6\u5dbc\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5cf6\u5dbc\u96d6\u7136\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u65b7\u63a5\u53d7\u8457\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5916\u570b\u756b\u5bb6\u5851\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u901a\u904e18\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5e1d\u570b\u8a2d\u5099\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u662f\u8a8d\u771f\u767c\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4fdd\u7f85\u6885\u9686\u7684\u907a\u7522\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u61c9\u907f\u514d\u5c55\u793a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u6cf0\u7279\u7684\u201c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u8207\u5e1d\u570b\u201d\uff0c\u6025\u5207\u63a2\u7d22\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5546\u696d\u4f01\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u6885\u9686\u5c0d\u9ad4\u80b2\u7cbe\u795e\u4e5f\u9817\u70ba\u4eab\u53d7\u3002\u5c55\u89bd\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u81c9\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8af7\u523a\u756b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5974\u96b8\u8cbf\u6613\u6216\u611b\u723e\u862d\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u6216\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6050\u6016\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fdd\u7f85\u6885\u9686\u5c0d1850\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8208\u8da3\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u8cb7\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u78ba\u5be6\u8cb7\u4e86\u3002\u4e8c\u6a13\u9673\u5217\u7684\u662f19\u4e16\u7d00\u548c20\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u9054\u5fb7\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u7531\u6885\u9686\u8cfc\u8cb7\uff09\u548c\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u840a\u9813\u6240\u756b\u7684\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u683c\u601d\u88e1\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u50cf\uff081864-65\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u85cf\u54c1\u9593\u7684\u9593\u9694\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u679c\u7565\u986f\u8df3\u8e8d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u62c9\u6590\u723e\u524d\u6d3e\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9451\u65bc\u5176\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5c55\u89bd\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u5df2\u7d93\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5354\u8abf\u4e00\u81f4\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u662f\u56db\u6a13\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u653e\u7684\u201c\u9577\u5ed3\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u4e03\u500b\u9694\u97f3\u7684\u623f\u9593\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u76e1\u982d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6574\u500b\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u5bec\u5ea6\u3002\u88ab\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u548c\u8b9a\u52a9\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u9438\u5f0f\u9577\u5eca\u7684\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u623f\u9593\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u5b58\u5132\u5ba4\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u53ef\u7d30\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u5168\u88ab\u6e05\u7406\u4e7e\u6de8\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u70ba\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u8ff7\u4f60\u9673\u5217\u9928\u88e1\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u4e3b\u5c55\u89bd\u5ba4\u7684\u5b89\u975c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7bc0\u594f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/content\/images\/kuart\/attitudes\/4.jpg\" width=\"100%\"><center>Mrs. James Gurthrie (1864\u201365), Frederic Leighton. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven<\/center><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u90fd\u670318\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u7e6a\u756b\u4f5c\u54c1&#8212;\u5305\u62ec\u8cc0\u52a0\u65af\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u548c\u52de\u502b\u65af\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1&#8212;\u4f9d\u7136\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u623f\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u56b4\u683c\u6309\u7167\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u7de8\u5e74\u9673\u5217\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u6b50\u6d32\u96d5\u5851\u548c\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u90e8\u9580\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u756b\u5eca\u8a08\u5283\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u9032\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u5bb6\u5177\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u54c1\u5df2\u7d93\u6309\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d10\u7d04\u6536\u85cf\u5bb6\u5982Judge Irwin Untermyer\uff081886-1973\uff09\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u7d44\u88dd\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u5728\u76e7\u514b\u00b7\u8cfd\u68ee\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0cJudge Irwin Untermyer\u5728\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u64d4\u4efb\u6b50\u6d32\u5bb6\u5177\u548c\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u7ba1\u7684\u9928\u9577\u3002 \u201c\u532f\u96c620\u4e16\u7d00\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u6536\u85cf\u201d\u4ed6\u7d66\u6216\u8005\u907a\u8d08\u4e86\u8d85\u904e2000\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u5230\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523016\u4e16\u7d00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a31\u591a\u611b\u597d\u90fd\u5982Untermyer\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u85dd\u8853\u7d93\u92b7\u5546\u6307\u5c0e\u7684\u3002\u700f\u89bd\u99ac\u5229\u7279\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u5947\u7684\u820a\u8cec\u672c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u8868&#8212;\u597d\u770b\u7684\u984f\u8272\u7b49\u7b49&#8212;\u548c\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4f86\u81ea\u4e00\u5ea7\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u3002\u88fd\u9020\u5546\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u5982\u73fe\u5728\uff1a\u50cf\u9f4a\u672c\u5fb7\u723e\u5f0f\u5bb6\u5177\u548c\u8b1d\u62c9\u9813\u5bb6\u5177\u90fd\u88ab\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u5bb6\u5177\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5c0d\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u5bcc\u88d5\u968e\u5c64\u5167\u90e8\u88dd\u98fe\u5e2b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684 \u79d1\u723e\u6cd5\u514b\u65af,\u5a01\u5947\u00b7\u798f\u52d2\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5e15\u5229\u751a\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7d93\u904e\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u5b78\u9662\u985e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u9109\u9593\u5225\u5885\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u7684\u7fd2\u85dd\u8005\uff1a\u986f\u7136\u4f4e\u8abf\uff0c\u9f4a\u723e\u5fb7\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u8207\u660e\u667a\u5730\u5305\u62ec\u6b77\u53f2\uff08\u548c\u5e7e\u79d1\u6c92\u6709\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u621620\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/content\/images\/kuart\/attitudes\/5.jpg\" width=\"100%\"><center>Three Staffordshire teapots dating to c. 1745\u201360, among the stoneware that will be on show in the redisplayed British decorative arts galleries at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (due to open in 2018).<\/center><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u80cc\u666f\u5c0d\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u9928\u85cf\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8a31\u591a\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u9032\u5165\u6536\u85cf&#8212;\u90e8\u9580\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u8655\u7406\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u5e73\u9762\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f20\u4e16\u7d0020\u5e74\u4ee3\u55ae\u8abf\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u7576\u82f1\u570b\u9928\u9996\u6b21\u958b\u653e\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7d0050\u5e74\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u623f\u9593\u7d44\u88dd\u548c\u6350\u8d08\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u756b\u5eca\u57281990\u5e74\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u653e\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c55\u793a-\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728-\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u9928\u7684\u201c\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u5bf6\u5eab\u201d\u5c55\u89bd\u65bc1985-1986\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u82f1\u570b\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u623f\u9593\u96c6\u9748\u611f\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5076\u723e\u93ae\uff0c\u623f\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u6905\u5b50\u548c\u684c\u5b50\u5728\u756b\u5eca\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u64fa\u653e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u623f\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u56db\u500b\u6905\u5b50\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u6905\u5b50\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5305\u542b\u8a31\u591a\u201c\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u201d\uff08\u5728\u7576\u524d\u7684\u7b56\u5c55\u4eba\u7684\u8a71\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u82b1\u74f6\u653e\u5728\u5bb6\u5177\u4e0a\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u88dd\u98fe\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u7d93\u5b78\u7528\u4f86\u586b\u88dc\u652f\u6490\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u548c\u7528\u7e6a\u756b\u4f5c\u54c1\u586b\u5145\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u88dd\u98fe\u7684\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u984c\u6350\u8d08\u7684\u5728\u6574\u9ad4\u4e2d\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u904a\u5ba2\u78ba\u5b9a\u6b77\u53f2\u5ba4\u548c\u9019\u500b\u838a\u56b4\u7684\u756b\u5eca\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4ee3\u8868\u82f1\u570b\u8cb4\u65cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u820a\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u572819\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u88fd\u54c1\u5e7e\u4e4e\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u651d\u653f\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6587\u5316\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5177\u7279\u8272\u3002\u8a72\u90e8\u9580\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u901a\u904e\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u9ad8\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u98a8\u5473\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u5e03\u9b6f\u65af\u5854\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u57281866\u5e74\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u201c\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u8863\u7fa4\u201d\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u201d\u5728\u8863\u6ac3\u88e1\u8cfc\u7269\u201c\uff0c\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5eab\u5b58\u88e1\u767c\u6398\u51fa\u7531\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u6258\u91cc\u8cc8\u5c3c\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u8cbb\u5e0c\u723e\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u80f8\u50cf\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u65af\u5854\u798f\u5fb7\u90e1\u7684\u8336\u58fa\u753120\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u6536\u85cf\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u672a\u5c55\u51fa\u904e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u53ad\u60e1\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u9ad8\u7b49\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u9676\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/content\/images\/kuart\/attitudes\/6.jpg\" width=\"100%\"><center>The tapestry room from Croome Court, Worcestershire, 1763\u201371, designed by Robert Adam, as currently installed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photo: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.<\/center><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u65b0\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u5c07\u6539\u8b8a\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4e09\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u7e5a\u4e82\u548c\u5730\u9053\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u623f\u9593&#8212;\u4f86\u81ea\u67ef\u7279\u9748\u9813\u516c\u5712\u7684\u9910\u5ef3\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u514b\u9b6f\u59c6\u5bae\u5ef7\u7684\u639b\u6bef\u5ba4\uff0c\u548c\u4f86\u81ea\u5df1\u862d\u65af\u7576\u8c6a\u65af\u7684\u9910\u5ef3&#8212;\u7576\u4fdd\u6301\u6539\u826f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u67ef\u7279\u9748\u9813\u516c\u5712\u7684\u9910\u5ef3\u6703\u53bb\u9664\u4e0d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5bb6\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca20\u4e16\u7d0080\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5857\u6599\u88dd\u98fe\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u901a\u904e\u589e\u5f37\u7167\u660e\u4f7f\u623f\u9593\u7165\u7136\u4e00\u65b0\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7a97\u6236\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5141\u8a31\u904a\u5ba2\u5750\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u53cd\u601d\u7576\u524d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3b\u984c&#8212;\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5728\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u548c\u963f\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u5eca\u90a3\u6a23\u5927\u529b\u7684\u6a19\u793a&#8212;\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u201c\u8cbf\u6613\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u201c\u837c\uff0c\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u5e1d\u570b\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5ba4\u3002\u7cbe\u5fc3\u4f48\u7f6e\u7684\u5bb6\u5177\u5c07\u9060\u53bb\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7f8e\u5b78\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u85dd\u4e3b\u984c\u5c07\u901a\u904e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u6062\u5fa9\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u95e1\u660e\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u77f3\u818f\u5de5\u548c\u6728\u5de5\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u65b0\u5c55\u89bd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u529b\u5c07\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u662f\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u773e\u5275\u9020\u7cbe\u5fc3\u88fd\u4f5c\u548c\u512a\u96c5\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u7b56\u5c55\u4eba\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u201c\u5962\u4f88\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u3002\u9019\u5c07\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7a4e\u548c\u8aa0\u5be6\u7684\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7b56\u5c55\u4eba\uff0c\u5354\u540c\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u7f85\u99ac\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u671f\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u7a2e\u9b54\u5e7b\u611f\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u6700\u597d\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8aaa\u5230\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u5169\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u7b56\u5c55\u4eba\u90fd\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u969c\u7919&#8212;\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u5927\u548c\u6700\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u54c1&#8212;\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u8655\u7f6e\u6b0a&#8212;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c18\u4e16\u7d00\u4ecd\u7136\u52dd\u904e19\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4ee3\u8868\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u4efb\u4f55\u611b\u597d\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u611b\u597d\u8005\u90fd\u6703\u611f\u5230\u6b23\u6170\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e2d\u907a\u68c4\u4e86\u5e7e\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u9673\u898f\u548c\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6b63\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u535a\u7269\u9928\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u5df2\u7d93\u6c89\u7761\u592a\u9577\u6642\u9593\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n]]><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mrs. James 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