冠词 （Articles）
在一些英美语法书中，冠词没有被列入英语词类。但是英语冠词的学习掌握对中国人来说是一个难点，因为中文中没有类似的词类。所以中国人要多花些时间来学习冠词。
冠词的作用是用于引导名词并说明其用法。冠词虽然只有the, a, an 三个词，但还要分为两类。
定冠词（DEFINITE ARTICLE）– THE
定冠词the具有确定的意思，用以特指人或事物，表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。。
The 的用法:
1-. 指已经说过的人或物。
例句：An elephant and a mouse fell in love.
The mouse loved the elephant’s long trunk,
and the elephant loved the mouse’s tiny nose.
2-. 指在交谈中双方都知道的人或物。
例句: ‘Where’s the bathroom?’ ‘It’s on the first floor.’
3-. 在句子或词组中，作者描写的某一特殊的人或物。
例句: The man who wrote this book is famous.
‘Which car did you scratch?’ ‘The red one.
My house is the one with a blue door.’
4-. 指世界上独一无二的事物。
例词：the sun, the moon, the world
5-. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。
例词：the highest building, the first page, the last chapter.
6-. 用在形容词前，表示一类人或东西的整体。with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people:
例词：the Japanese，the rich, the poor
7-. 用在地理名称，海洋名称等特定名词。
例词: the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic
8-. 用在世纪，年代名词前。
例句: she grew up in the seventies
不定冠词（INDEFINITE ARTICLE）A / AN
A和AN是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目概念。A用在以辅音开头的词前，AN用在以元音（A,E,I,O,U）开头的词前。
例词: A boy，A car， A house，An opera，An apple，An orange，
注意，我们讲的元音是发音的元音，而不是拼写。所以，有an hour, an honour （H不发音）。
另一个例子是 a european, a university, a unit 因为这里的U是发YOU的音, 而不是单独的U.
不定冠词的使用：
1-. 第一次介绍或提起某人某事。
例句：An elephant and a mouse fell in love. Would you like a drink? I’ve finally got a good job.
2-. 提及某种团体，阶层，种族，宗教或职业的某一成员。
例句：John is a doctor. Mary is training to be an engineer. He wants to be a dancer. John is an Englishman. Kate is a Catholic.
3-. 提及某一天，某件东西或事情。
例句：I was born on a Thursday。 The mouse had a tiny nose。 It was a very strange car。
- 在What 和Such 之后的单数名词。
例句：What a shame! She’s such a beautiful girl.
- 指出一个事物或人物。
例句：I’d like an orange and two lemons please. The burglar took a diamond necklace and a valuable painting.
在什么情况下不使用冠词：
1-. 国家名称 （单数）和语言名称：
例句：Germany is an important economic power. He’s just returned from Zimbabwe. 注意：I’m visiting the United States next week.
例句：French is spoken in Tahiti. English uses many words of Latin origin. Indonesian is a relatively new language.
2-. 人名 （单数）和人名加头衔
例句： John’s coming to the party. George King is my uncle. 注意：We’re having lunch with the Morgans tomorrow.
例句：Prince Charles is Queen Elizabeth’s son. President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. Dr. Watson was Sherlock Holmes’ friend. 注意：the Queen of England, the Pope.
3-. 职业名称：
例句：Engineering is a useful career. He’ll probably go into medicine.
4-. 一日三餐：
例句：Lunch is at midday. Dinner is in the evening. Breakfast is the first meal of the day.
5-. 在所有格的情况下：
例：His brother’s car. Peter’s house.
6-. 不可数名词：
例句：Rice is the main food in Asia. Milk is often added to tea in England. War is destructive.
例句：1948 was a wonderful year. Do you remember 1995?
7-. 特指的山，湖，岛等：
例句：Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in Alaska. She lives near Lake Windermere. Have you visited Long Island?
8-. 大多数商店，市镇，街道，车站和机场的名称
例句：I’ll get the card at Macy’s. Can you go to Boots for me?
例句：Victoria Station is in the centre of London. Can you direct me to Bond Street? She lives in Florence. They’re flying from Heathrow.
9-. 一些固定搭配的词组：
例：by car，by train，by air；
on foot， on holiday，on air (in broadcasting)；
at school，at work，at University；
in church，in prison，in bed。
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