冠词 (Articles)
在一些英美语法书中,冠词没有被列入英语词类。但是英语冠词的学习掌握对中国人来说是一个难点,因为中文中没有类似的词类。所以中国人要多花些时间来学习冠词。
冠词的作用是用于引导名词并说明其用法。冠词虽然只有the, a, an 三个词,但还要分为两类。
定冠词(DEFINITE ARTICLE)– THE
定冠词the具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。。
The 的用法:
1-. 指已经说过的人或物。
例句:An elephant and a mouse fell in love.
The mouse loved the elephant’s long trunk,
and the elephant loved the mouse’s tiny nose.
2-. 指在交谈中双方都知道的人或物。
例句: ‘Where’s the bathroom?’ ‘It’s on the first floor.’
3-. 在句子或词组中,作者描写的某一特殊的人或物。
例句: The man who wrote this book is famous.
‘Which car did you scratch?’ ‘The red one.
My house is the one with a blue door.’
4-. 指世界上独一无二的事物。
例词:the sun, the moon, the world
5-. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。
例词:the highest building, the first page, the last chapter.
6-. 用在形容词前,表示一类人或东西的整体。with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people:
例词:the Japanese,the rich, the poor
7-. 用在地理名称,海洋名称等特定名词。
例词: the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic
8-. 用在世纪,年代名词前。
例句: she grew up in the seventies
不定冠词(INDEFINITE ARTICLE)A / AN
A和AN是不定冠词,仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目概念。A用在以辅音开头的词前,AN用在以元音(A,E,I,O,U)开头的词前。
例词: A boy,A car, A house,An opera,An apple,An orange,
注意,我们讲的元音是发音的元音,而不是拼写。所以,有an hour, an honour (H不发音)。
另一个例子是 a european, a university, a unit 因为这里的U是发YOU的音, 而不是单独的U.
不定冠词的使用:
1-. 第一次介绍或提起某人某事。
例句:An elephant and a mouse fell in love. Would you like a drink? I’ve finally got a good job.
2-. 提及某种团体,阶层,种族,宗教或职业的某一成员。
例句:John is a doctor. Mary is training to be an engineer. He wants to be a dancer. John is an Englishman. Kate is a Catholic.
3-. 提及某一天,某件东西或事情。
例句:I was born on a Thursday。 The mouse had a tiny nose。 It was a very strange car。
- 在What 和Such 之后的单数名词。
例句:What a shame! She’s such a beautiful girl.
- 指出一个事物或人物。
例句:I’d like an orange and two lemons please. The burglar took a diamond necklace and a valuable painting.
在什么情况下不使用冠词:
1-. 国家名称 (单数)和语言名称:
例句:Germany is an important economic power. He’s just returned from Zimbabwe. 注意:I’m visiting the United States next week.
例句:French is spoken in Tahiti. English uses many words of Latin origin. Indonesian is a relatively new language.
2-. 人名 (单数)和人名加头衔
例句: John’s coming to the party. George King is my uncle. 注意:We’re having lunch with the Morgans tomorrow.
例句:Prince Charles is Queen Elizabeth’s son. President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. Dr. Watson was Sherlock Holmes’ friend. 注意:the Queen of England, the Pope.
3-. 职业名称:
例句:Engineering is a useful career. He’ll probably go into medicine.
4-. 一日三餐:
例句:Lunch is at midday. Dinner is in the evening. Breakfast is the first meal of the day.
5-. 在所有格的情况下:
例:His brother’s car. Peter’s house.
6-. 不可数名词:
例句:Rice is the main food in Asia. Milk is often added to tea in England. War is destructive.
例句:1948 was a wonderful year. Do you remember 1995?
7-. 特指的山,湖,岛等:
例句:Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in Alaska. She lives near Lake Windermere. Have you visited Long Island?
8-. 大多数商店,市镇,街道,车站和机场的名称
例句:I’ll get the card at Macy’s. Can you go to Boots for me?
例句:Victoria Station is in the centre of London. Can you direct me to Bond Street? She lives in Florence. They’re flying from Heathrow.
9-. 一些固定搭配的词组:
例:by car,by train,by air;
on foot, on holiday,on air (in broadcasting);
at school,at work,at University;
in church,in prison,in bed。
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